HIER(7)

NAME
hier - file system hierarchy

DESCRIPTION
The following outline gives a quick tour through a representative directory hierarchy.

/   root
/dev/
    devices (4)
    console
        main console, tty(4)
    tty*
        terminals, tty(4)
    cat phototypesetter cat(4)
    rp* disks, hp(4)
    rrp*
        raw disks, hp(4)
    ...
/bin/
    utility programs, cf /usr/bin/ (1)
    as  assembler
    cc  C compiler executive, cf /lib/ccom, /lib/cpp, /lib/c2
    csh C shell
    ...
/lib/
    object libraries and other stuff, cf /usr/lib/
    libc.a
        system calls, standard I/O, etc. (2,3,3S)
    libm.a
        math routines (3M)
    ...
    ccom
        C compiler proper
    cpp C preprocessor
    c2  C code improver
    ...
/etc/
    essential data and dangerous maintenance utilities
    passwd
        password file, passwd(5)
    group
        group file, group(5)
    motd
        message of the day, login(1)
    termcap
        description of terminal capabilities, termcap(5)
    ttytype
        table of what kind of terminal is on each port, ttytype(5)
    mtab
        mounted file table, mtab(5)
    ddate
        dump history, dump(1)
    ttys
        properties of terminals, ttys(5)
    getty.vm
        part of login, getty.vm(8)
    init.vm
        the father of all processes, init.vm(8)
    rc  shell program to bring the system up
    cron
        the clock daemon, cron(8)
    mount
        mount(1)
    wall
        wall(1)
    ...
/tmp/
    temporary files, usually on a fast device, cf /usr/tmp/
    e*  used by ed(1)
    ctm*
        used by cc(1)
    ...
/usr/
    general-pupose directory, usually a mounted file system
    adm/
        administrative information
        wtmp
            login history, utmp(5)
        messages
            hardware error messages
        tracct
            phototypesetter accounting, troff(1)
        lpacct
            line printer accounting lpr(1)
        vpacct
            versatec accounting vpr(1), vtroff(1), vpac(1)
/usr	/bin
    utility programs, to keep /bin/ small
    tmp/
        temporaries, to keep /tmp/ small
        stm*
            used by sort(1)
        raster
            used by plot(1)
    dict/
        word lists, etc.
        words
            principal word list, used by look(1)
        spellhist
            history file for spell(1)
    games/
        hangman
        quiz.k/
            what quiz(6) knows
            index
                category index
            africa
                countries and capitals
            ...
        ...
    include/
        standard #include files
        a.out.h
            object file layout, a.out(5)
        stdio.h
            standard I/O, stdio(3)
        math.h
            (3M)
        ...
        sys/
            system-defined layouts, cf /usr/sys/h
    lib/
        object libraries and stuff, to keep /lib/ small
        lint[12]
            subprocesses for lint(1)
        llib-lc
            dummy declarations for /lib/libc.a, used by lint(1)
        llib-lm
            dummy declarations for /lib/libc.m
        atrun
            scheduler for at(1)
        struct/
            passes of struct(1)
        ...
        tmac/
            macros for troff(1)
            tmac.an
                macros for man(7)
            tmac.s
                macros for ms(7)
            ...
        font/
            fonts for troff(1)
            ftR Times Roman
            ftB Times Bold
            ...
        uucp/
            programs and data for uucp(1)
            L.sys
                remote system names and numbers
            uucico
                the real copy program
            ...
        units
            conversion tables for units(1)
        eign
            list of English words to be ignored by ptx(1)
/usr/	man/
    volume 1 of this manual, man(1)
        man0/
            general
            intro
                introduction to volume 1, ms(7) format
            xx  template for manual page
        man1/
            chapter 1
            as.1
            mount.1m
            ...
        ...
    msgs/
        messages, cf msgs(1)
        bounds
            highest and lowest message
    new/
        binaries of new versions of programs
    preserve/
        editor temporaries preserved here after crashes/hangups
    public/
        binaries of user programs - write permission to everyone
    spool/
        delayed execution files
        at/ used by at(1)
        lpd/
            used by lpr(1)
            lock
                present when line printer is active
            cf* copy of file to be printed, if necessary
            df* daemon control file, lpd(8)
            tf* transient control file, while lpr is working
        uucp/
            work files and staging area for uucp(1)
            LOGFILE
                summary log
            LOG.*
                log file for one transaction
        mail/
            mailboxes for mail(1)
            uid mail file for user uid
            uid.lock
                lock file while uid is receiving mail
        secretmail/
            like mail/
        uucp/
            work files and staging area for uucp(1)
            LOGFILE
                summary log
            LOG.*
                log file for one transaction
    wd  initial working directory of a user, typically wd is the user's login name
        .profile
            set environment for sh(1), environ(5)
        .project
            what you are doing finger(1)
        .cshrc
            startup file for csh(1)
        .exrc
            startup file for ex(1)
        .plan
            what you short-term plans are finger(1)
        .netrc
            startup file for net(1)
        .msgsrc
            startup file for msgs(1)
        .mailrc
            startup file for mail(1)
        calendar
            user's datebook for calendar(1)
    doc/
        papers, mostly in volume 2 of this manual, typically in ms(7) format
        as/ assembler manual
        c   C manual
        ...
/usr/	src/
        source programs for utilities, etc.
        cmd/
            source of commands
            as/ assembler
            ar.c
                source for ar(1)
            ...
            troff/
                source for nroff and troff(1)
                font/
                    source for font tables, /usr/lib/font/
                    ftR.c
                        Roman
                    ...
                term/
                    terminal characteristics tables, /usr/lib/term/
                    tab300.c
                        DASI 300
                    ...
                ...
        games/
            source for /usr/games
        junk/
            source for junk (soon to be deleted)
        libc/
            source for functions in /lib/libc.a
            crt/
                C runtime support
            csu/
                startup and wrapup routines needed with every C program
                crt0.s
                    regular startup
                mcrt0.s
                    modified startup for cc -p
            sys/
                system calls (2)
                access.s
                alarm.s
                ...
            stdio/
                standard I/O functions (3S)
                fgets.c
                fopen.c
                ...
            gen/
                other functions in (3)
                abs.c
                ...
        local/
            source which isn't normally distributed
        new/
            source for new versions of commands and library routines
        old/
            source for old versions of commands and library routines
        sys/
            system source
            h/  header (include) files
                acct.h
                    acct(5)
                stat.h
                    stat(2)
                ...
            sys/
                system source proper
                main.c
                pipe.c
                sysent.c
                    system entry points
        undoc/
            source for programs which have no documentation
    ucb/
        binaries of programs developed at UCB
        ...
        edit
            editor for beginners
        ex  command editor for experienced users
        ...
        mail
            mail reading/sending subsystem
        man on line documentation
        ...
        pi  Pascal translator
        px  Pascal interpreter
        ...
        vi  visual editor

SEE ALSO
ls(1), apropos(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), finger(1), which (1), ncheck(1), find(1), grep(1)

BUGS
The position of files is subject to change without notice.